A group of researchers and professors from the faculty of Business Administration,harvard University in Philadelphia U.S.A were invited to carry out studies at chicago hawthorne plant of western Electric.The experiments were in four phases and the aims of the experiments are as follows:
1. Determine the effects of changes in illumination on productivity.
2. Determine the effects of changes in hours and other working conditions
3. Conducting a plant wide interview programme to determine workers attitudes and sentiments.
4. Determination and analysis of social organisation and analysis of socal organisation at work.
They were two groups of people involved,these were the experimented group and the controlled group.The experimented group as the name implies were the set of people the experiments were carried out on,they were isolated and had to work under the close supervision of the researchers.The opposite is the case for the controlled group.
The results of the experiments were as follows:
1. it came to a conclusion in the first phase that illumination in the place of work had little or no effect on the productivity of both groups.There was no effective change in the productivity of both groups when the illumination was increased or decreased.it was only at the period of intensity which was the moonlight stage that productivity decreased in the experimental group.
2. it was observed in the second stage that the change in the working environment had little or no effect in productivity Both the work and output level improved at about two years of improved conditions but shockingly when the improved condition were withdrawn and made to remain normal(as the beginning) in the experimental group,the group reached an all time high in output.
3.finally,their whole attitude changed,the workers had found a sense of belonginess and stability,and as a result worked faster and ever .this means that efforts can be increased by top management for workers,when special attention is giving to the workers through incentives,for example sponsoring a study course.(this tendency to increase efforts through incentives was known as the Hawthorne effect).
It was conclude that the human element in the work environment apparently had a significantly greater impact on the rate of production than technical and physical aspects of the job.
A group of researchers and professors from the faculty of Business Administration,harvard University in Philadelphia U.S.A were invited to carry out studies at chicago hawthorne plant of western Electric.The experiments were in four phases and the aims of the experiments are as follows:
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