Leadership and Managing

Leadership and Managing

it is believed through research and theory that an effective leader designs a system that takes into account the expectancies of subordinates, the variability of motives between individuals and from time to time situational factors, interpersonal relations and types of rewards. Managers when hoping to provide an environment for performance take into account organizational goals and the means of achieving them, ensure that organizational roles are defined and well structured and when the roles are competently and intelligently staffed.

Marvin Bower believed that the requirement of business leadership in terms of both personal qualification and leadership abilities are far less than those necessary for political leadership. This view is based on two reasons, the first being that the components of the system provide people wjth guidelines for action, this he called the system managed business. In the second place he believed that political leadership often requires inspiring people to do the unusual,while business leadership only stimulate them towards achieving their understandable goal of earning an income and doing it with some extent of personal satisfaction.

Bower's concept of a system managed enterprise means those businesses where strategic and operational planning are well developed; where action guidelines, such as policies, planned organization structure and information are available to people; where people are well selected and trained as well as rewarded and where other essentials of an effective management system are practiced.